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Objective To investigate the treatment outcomes,prognosis,and risk factors of treatment failure of peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis (PDAP) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae,and thus provide clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of this disease. Methods The clinical data of PDAP patients at four peritoneal dialysis centers from January 1,2014 to December 31,2019 were collected retrospectively.The treatment outcomes and prognosis were compared between the patients with PDAP caused by Klebsiella.pneumoniae and that caused by Escherichia coli.Kaplan-Meier method was employed to establish the survival curve of technical failure,and multivariate Logistic regression to analyze the risk factors of the treatment failure of PADP caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results In the 4 peritoneal dialysis centers,1034 cases of PDAP occurred in 586 patients from 2014 to 2019,including 21 cases caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and 98 cases caused by Escherichia coli.The incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae caused PDAP was 0.0048 times per patient per year on average,ranging from 0.0024 to 0.0124 times per patient per year during 2014-2019.According to the Kaplan-Meier survival curve,the technical failure rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae caused PDAP was higher than that of Escherichia coli caused PDAP (P=0.022).The multivariate Logistic regression model showed that long-term dialysis was an independent risk factor for the treatment failure of Klebsiella pneumoniae caused PDAP (OR=1.082,95%CI=1.011-1.158,P=0.023).Klebsiella pneumoniae was highly sensitive to amikacin,meropenem,imipenem,piperacillin,and cefotetan,and it was highly resistant to ampicillin (81.82%),cefazolin (53.33%),tetracycline (50.00%),cefotaxime (43.75%),and chloramphenicol (42.86%). Conclusion The PDAP caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae had worse prognosis than that caused by Escherichia coli,and long-term dialysis was an independent risk factor for the treatment failure of Klebsiella pneumoniae caused PDAP.
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Humans , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Retrospective Studies , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects , Peritonitis/drug therapy , Risk Factors , Treatment Failure , Escherichia coliABSTRACT
Objective:To study the characteristics and evolution of the whole genome sequence of an imported Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) case in Tianjin, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the surveillance and control of CHIKV.Methods:The serum specimen of CHIKV was collected at Tianjin Second People's Hospital, on November 4th, 2019, and the viral RNA was extracted. Eleven overlapping primers were used to amplify the complete genome of CHIKV by RT-PCR. The amplification products were then subjected to next generation sequencing (NGS) using Illumina Miniseq platform.Results:The complete genome sequence of the Tianjin CHIKV obtained had similarities ranging from 92.72% to 99.86% with other Chinese isolates. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Tianjin CHIKV belonged to the Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL), East/Central/South African (ECSA) cluster, consistent with most strains from China. The Tianjin CHIKV is most similar (99.74%) to a Pakistan strain. Compared with the reference strain S27, 37 non-structural and 28 structural protein amino acid substitutions had been detected in Tianjin CHIKV genome, including two key site mutations, E1-D284E and E2-I211T, in accordance with other strains in the ECSA cluster. Besides, Tianjin CHIKV possessed two point virulent residues at position 12 and 82 in E2, and also a nsP3-R524Opal nonsense mutation.Conclusions:Tianjin CHIKV showed stronger virulence and greater transmissibility in Aedes albopictus. Therefore, the surveillance and monitoring of CHIKV in China should be strengthened.
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Objective: To conduct an ample review of the existing generic preference-based measures for health-related quality of life around the globe. Methods: Databases including PubMed，Embase，CNKI and WanFang Data, literature retrieval and information extraction were carried out on relevant studies of the universal health utility scale published until April 2020 worldwide，and all the existing generic health utility measures were identified. The original development articles included in the measures were further searched to extract the basic information of the measures，the conduction process，and the structure of the health state descriptive system. All of the dimensions included in the measures were summarized and analyzed from three aspects of physical (physiological)，mental (psychological)，and societal，respectively. Results: Through searching and screening，a total of 36 articles (both in Chinese and English literatures) were obtained, among which 18 generic preference-based measures were identified and 30 original search and development articles of these 18 measures were extracted. The number of dimensions of these 18 measures varied between the range of 3~15，the number of levels under each dimension ranged between 2 and 7，and the total number of health states that could be described by these measures amounted between 64 and 2.37 × 1023.The dimensions describing the physiological aspect in health were involved by all of 18 measures，while the dimensions describing psychological health and societal aspects in health were involved by only 16 and 10 measures，respectively. The physiological，psychological and societal dimensions included 10，4, and 5 specific categories，respectively. Two ways of conducting the health state descriptive system were identified, which were mainly based on the existing data and materials，and through the construction of the items pool combined with psychometric methods to determine the included dimensions of the measures. Conclusion :In recent years，more emphasis on the measurement of mental and societal health on the basis of physiological aspect was included in the newly developed measures，and the construction process of the health state descriptive system is becoming more and more standardized.
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Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of Dexibuprofen and Naproxen in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.Methods:The data of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis admitted to Wuhan Children′s Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from March 2017 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the types of painkillers used, the children were divided into the Dexibuprofen group (observation group) and Naproxen group (control group). The observation group was given 7 mg/kg Dexibuprofen each time and twice one day, while the control group was given 5 mg/kg Naproxen each time and twice one day.Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the relief of joint pain and adverse drug reactions before and after medication in the 2 groups.Results:A total of 97 children were enrolled in this study, including 48 in the observation group and 49 in the control group.There were no significant differences in gender, age and the joint location between the 2 groups(all P>0.05). Doctors ( P=0.736), children and their families ( P=0.563) all agreed that there was no significant difference in the analgesic effect between the 2 groups, but the tolerance score of Dexibuprofen was higher that of Naproxen [doctors ( P=0.025), children and their families ( P=0.024)]. The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions was 4.2% in the observation group (2 cases) and 18.4% in the control group (9 cases), and the difference between 2 groups was significant ( χ2=4.863, P=0.027). Conclusions:The analgesic effect of Dexibuprofen is same to that of Naproxen in the treatment of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, but Dexibuprofen has a better tolerance rate and causes less gastrointestinal adverse reactions.
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Objective:To retrospectively analyze the test results of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in different samples (throat swab, sputum and feces) collected from recovered COVID-19 patients in order to provide a more reliable basis for discharge and reduce the risk of recurrence after discharge.Methods:Throat swabs and sputum were sampled in pairs from 78 patients before discharge and sampled in pairs twice from 54 cases with an interval of 1-5 d. Real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the virus in the two types of samples. Throat swab, sputum and fecal samples of six patients were tested for 2019-nCoV during follow-up.Results:The detection rate of viral nucleic acid was 46.15% in throat swabs and 50.00% in sputum samples. Test results of the second paired samples showed that the detection rate of viral nucleic acid was 25.93% in throat swabs and 46.30% in sputum samples, and the difference between the two types of samples was statistically significant ( P<0.05). During follow-up, 2019-nCoV nucleic acid could be detected in the fecal samples of the six patients, but not in their throat swab and sputum samples. Their fecal samples remained positive up to 52 d. Conclusions:In the late convalescence, the respiratory symptoms of COVID-19 patients gradually disappeared with the improvement of clinical symptoms. Moreover, the virus might enter the gastrointestinal tract from respiratory tract, and could long-term exist in recovered patients and be excreted in feces. In order to reduce the rate of missed detection and avoid false negative results, it was suggested to test the viral nucleic acid in different types of samples before a COVID-19 patient was discharged.
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Traditional forensic identification relies on forensic experts to manually extract information and provide identification opinions based on medicine, biology and other fields of knowledge combined with personal work experience, which is not only time-consuming and require great effort, but also affected by subjective factors that are difficult to overcome. In the era of big data, the booming development of artificial intelligence brings new ideas to forensic medicine. In recent years, forensic researchers at home and abroad have conducted many studies based on artificial intelligence technology, such as face recognition, age and gender identification, DNA analysis, postmortem interval estimation, injury and cause of death identification, showing the feasibility and advantages of using artificial intelligence technology to solve forensic identification problems. As a new means of technology that has adapted to the development of the times, artificial intelligence has brought new vitality to forensic medicine, but at the same time also some new challenges. How to deal with these challenges scientifically and form a new mode of 'artificial intelligence plus forensic medicine' with artificial intelligence and forensic medicine developing collaboratively is a new direction for the development of forensic medicine in the era of big data.
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Artificial Intelligence , Autopsy , Forensic MedicineABSTRACT
Using the lipidomics method based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS, the change of phospholipid metabolism in lung tissue of mice induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury was analyzed to observe the regulation of abnormal lipids by Jiegeng Decoction and to explore the regulation effect of Jiegeng Decoction on LPS-induced acute lung injury. The lung tissue samples from control group, model group, dexamethasone (positive drug) group, and Jiegeng Decoction group were collected and the lipid components of the sample were extracted. All procedures over mice were performed in accordance with the Guidelines for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, and the experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of our university. The lipidomics technique of UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS was used to study change of phospholipids in lung tissue of each group. LPS induced acute lung injury in mice with metabolic abnormalities of phospholipids, the specific performance of the PC was significantly upregulated, phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), phosphatidyl serine (PS),phosphatidylinositol (PI) and other metabolic disorders, Jiegeng Decoction have a certain role in these phospholipids. LPS-induced acute lung injury caused disturbances of phospholipid in vivo, and Jiegeng Decoction regulates metabolic phospholipids.
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Objective To explore the genetic background and structure of Urumqi Mongolians, the previously developed 39-AIM-InDels panel for ancestry inference was utilized in the present study. Methods The blood samples of 145 unrelated healthy Urumqi Mongolian individuals were collected and genotyped. The compositions of ancestry information of Urumqi Mongolians were studied with 17 different populations from three continents （East Asia, Europe and Africa） as reference populations. Then, multiple population genetics and bioinformatics analysis methods were applied, the Fst and DA values between matched populations were compared and analyzed, PCA analysis was performed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The proportions of ancestry information components of Urumqi Mongolians were analyzed with Structure software, etc. Results The ancestry information components of Urumqi Mongolian group in different intercontinental populations accounted for 89%, 7%, and 3% of East Asian, European, and African populations, respectively. Compared with other intercontinental populations, Urumqi Mongolian group and East Asian populations have lower Fst and DA values, and they were in the same cluster in PCA analysis as well. In a phylogenetic tree, the Urumqi Mongolian group was in the same branch as East Asian populations. Conclusion Urumqi Mongolian group had relatively close genetic relationships with East Asian populations, and the proportion of its East Asian ancestry was about 89%.
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Humans , Asian People/genetics , Forensic Genetics , Gene Frequency , Genetics, Population , INDEL Mutation , Phylogeny , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS / MS) in childhood asthma and healthy control, aiming to find the potential markers of EBC in children with asthma, and provide a scientific reference for its pathogenesis and early screening. EBC samples were collected from 21 asthmatic children (age (8. 2 ±1. 6) years) and 17 healthy children ( age (8. 1 ±1. 3) years). GC-MS / MS was used to obtain the full scan data of chemical components. Cluster analysis was performed on the two groups of metabolites by principal component analysis (PCA), and potential biomarkers were found using Metaboanalyst 3. 0 attributable metabolic pathways. The results showed that the EBC metabolic maps of asthmatic group and normal group were very different, and eight endogenous potential biomarkers were identified, suggesting that starch and sucrose metabolism, lysine degradation, aminoglycan nucleoside metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism may play important roles in the development of asthma in children.
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The changes of endogenous metabolites in urine samples that come from pneumonia patients of 6 months to 6 years old children were analyzed by metabolomics methods based on gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The aim of this study was to analyze and study the pathogenesis of endogenous metabolites in children with pneumonia and the pathogenesis of pneumonia susceptibility.The urine samples were collected and divided into normal children group (NC group,n=29),first infection with pneumonia group (FIP group,n=35),and repeated infection with pneumonia group (RIP group,n=31).The urine metabolic profile of pneumonia was obtained by GC-MS.Principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to analyze the data.The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Fold change.Finally,there was significant difference between the normal group and the pneumonia group,the significant metabolites were serine,histidine,proline,norleucine,glutamine,stearic acid,valine,isoleucine with p value<0.05 and Fold change>5,and indole-3-acetic acid,creatine,ethanolamine,mannosylglycerol and fructose were significant between the two pneumonia groups with p value<0.05.The urinary metabolites demonstrated that amino acid metabolism and glucose metabolism were the main metabolic pathways and responsible for the susceptibility to pneumonia.
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Objective The mechanism of luteal phase defect remains unclear. To investigate the mechanism of BuShen ZhuYun Decoction on the gonadotropin secretion in the pituitary gland, we observed the effects of medicated serum of BuShen ZhuYun Decotion on the secretion of gonadotropin-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteotropic hormone (LH) in rat pituitary cells.Methods The BuShen ZhuYun Decotion was administered to the female SD rats by gavage to prepare the serum containing BuShen ZhuYun Decoction. The CCK-8 method was used to detect the effect of cetrorelix acetate powder for injection, medicated serum and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) on cell activity. In the maximum non-toxic concentration, we used cetrorelix acetate powder for injection to block the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) in pituitary cells and established the GnRHR antagonistic model. Then we treat the model group with medicated serum (model group). Moreover, we established the blank group (normal pituitary cells), the cetrorelix group (intervented with cetrorelix for 6 hours), and medicated serum group (intervented with medicated serum for 24 hours). 20nmol/L GnRH was used to stimulate cells for 6h. The contents of FSH and LH in the supernatant of each group and the mRNA expression of FSHβ, LHβ and GnRHR were detected.Results Compared with that of the blank group, the supernatant levels of FSH and LH in the Cetrorelix group decreased significantly \[(3.91±0.36) mIU/mL vs (2.26±0.22) mIU/mL, (8.94±0.57) mIU/mL vs (3.35±0.59) mIU/mL, P<0.05)\]. In contrast, the levels of LH significantly increased \[(8.94±0.57) mIU/mL vs (10.79±0.60) mIU/mL, P<0.05)\]; Compared with the cetrorelix group, the levels of FSH and LH in both medicated serum group and model group increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, the mRNA level of FSH and LH in the cetrorelix group decreased significantly \[(0.95±0.23) mIU/mL vs (0.58±0.12) mIU/mL, (0.98±0.14) mIU/mL vs (0.27±0.21) mIU/mL, P<0.01) \], and the mRNA expression of GnRHR increased in the cetrorelix group \[(0.97±0.13) mIU/mL vs (1.77±0.26) mIU/mL, P<0.01) \]; The mRNA levels of FSH and LH in the medicated serum group were increased (P<0.05). Compared with the cetrorelix group, the mRNA expression of FSHβ mRNA and LHβ were both increased in the medicated serum group and model group (P<0.05), the mRNA expression of GnRHR decreased (P<0.01).Conclusion It is suggested that the therapeutic mechanism of BuShen ZhuYun Decotion may be related to the improvement of GnRH receptor expression.
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BACKGROUND: Metabolomics is a branch of systems biology taking systematic study, high-throughput detection and data processing as means, information modeling and systematic integration as targets, which can be used for recognizing metabolic indexes, provide evidence for individualized diagnosis and treatment and guide syndrome differentiation in the clinic. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the literature features and research status of metabolomics applied in the field of Chinese medicine syndromes so as to provide reference for its application in Chinese medicine syndromes. METHODS: Databases of CNKI, WanFang, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science and Medline were retrieved for the articles addressing metabolomics applied in Chinese medicine syndromes published before June 2017. The literature database was established, and then the literature and research features were analyzed using bibliometrics and data mining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 499 articles were enrolled, including 371 journal articles from journals (74.35%), 30 conference papers (6.01), 98 dissertations (19.64), and the 371 journal papers were published in 124 journals (32 of Chinese core journals (45.28%), and 10 SCI cited journals (3.77%)). In the articles, 7 types of disease systems (mainly in digestive system and circulatory system) were classified according to the statistics, involving 23 diseases and 39 interventions. In summary, there is still a lack of standardized classification for metabolomics applied in Chinese medicine syndromes and the quality of literature is poor. We should conduct more animal experiments and explore the essence and intervention measurements of syndromes, thereby controlling the disease occurrence and development.
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Objective:To investigate the activation of peripheral basophils from patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) and its mechanisms. Methods:The activation markers including CD203c and the proportion of IL-4 positive rate of peripheral basophils from RA patients and healthy controls were detected by flow cytometry. Serum levels of IgE in RA patients and healthy controls were detected by electrochemilu minescence immunoassay. Basophils were negatively isolated and co-cultured with or without purified IgE,anti-IgE as positive control,then,the expression of CD203c and propotion of IL-4 positive basophils were detected by flow cytometry. Results:The expression of CD203c and IL-4 positive rate of basophils from RA patients were higher than that of healthy controls (P<0. 05). Serum levels of IgE in RA were higher than that of healthy controls (P<0. 05). After co-cultured with isolated IgE from RA patients,basophils negatively isolated from healthy controls were activated,and higher expression of CD203c and proportion of IL-4 (P<0.05). Conclusion:Basophil activation is related with development of RA,and its activation is mainly mediated by IgE. Targeting basophil and its activation pathway would be expected to provide new strategies for the treatment of RA.
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Objective In vitro isolation of adenohypophyseal mainly includes enzymatic digestion and mechanical methods.But there is no relevant report about which method is better.In this paper,several mainstream methods of the vitro isolation of adenohypophysis cells in rats are compared and the identification of gonadotropin secretory cells is carried out to figure out which preparation method is more convenient and efficient.Methods 48 mature female SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:trypsin group (0.25％ trypsin EDTA digestion),Ⅳ-type collagen enzyme group (Ⅳ type collagen enzyme digestion),mechanical separation group (200 mesh cell sieves grinding) and trypsin digestion plus mechanical separation group (0.25％ trypsin EDTA digestion plus 200 mesh cell sieves grinding).12 rats in each group.The effect of these 4 methods was evaluated.Secondly,the primary cells of each group were cultured.We dynamically observed the vitro growth of cells in each group.Finally,the cells were identified by using the immunocytochemi-cal staining technique Results Compared with the mechanical separation group and-ⅣV type collagen enzyme group [(90.2 ± 0.96) ％,(93.32± 1.77)％],Cell viability of trypsin group and trypsin digestion plus mechanical separation group was elevated [(94.11 ± 1.71) ％,(94.92± 1.92) ％] (P＜0.05).Morphological observation:The pituitary ceils prepared by each methods were all round with strong refraction and clear edges and began to partly adhere to the wall after cultured for 16-24 hours.Then most of the cells adhered to wall after 48-72 hours,while the early glandular ceils were still round.But the volume was smaller than before.Also,a small amount of large cells were scattered among them.7 days later,the cells began to become polygonal or spindle shaped and were connected to pieces.Till around 10 days,the fibrosis gradually became obvious;Immunocytochemical staining:It is indicated that FSH positive cells were larger in volume while less in number and scattered in the cytoplasm.And the positive products,showing blue,were located in the cytoplasm;The Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the supematant of cells and confirmed that the cells in vitro still had hormone secretion functions.Conclusion Compared with the single cell preparation method,the trypsin digestion plus mechanical separation method has certain advantages;The anterior pituitary cells vitro cultured are in good health conditions and still have secrete functions.They are tested to be competent for related scientific experiments.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related pulmonary infection on endogenous metabolites in large intestinal mucosa in BALB/c mice using metabolomics technology based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mice were randomly divided into a control group and a RSV pneumonia model group (n=16 each). The mouse model of RSV pneumonia was established using intranasal RSV infection (100×TCID, 50 μL/mouse, once a day). After 7 days of intranasal RSV infection, the mice were sacrificed and GC-MS was used to identify endogenous metabolites and measure the changes in their relative content in colon tissue. SMCA-P12.0 software was used to perform principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) for endogenous metabolites in colon tissue. The differentially expressed metabolites in colon tissue were imported into the metabolic pathway platform Metaboanalyst to analyze related metabolic pathways.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PCA and OPLS-DA showed significant differences between the control and RSV pneumonia model groups. A total of 32 metabolites were identified in the colon tissue of the mice with RSV pneumonia. The RSV pneumonia model group had significant increases in the content of leucine, isoleucine, glycine, alanine, arachidonic acid, and lactic acid, which were related to the valine, leucine, isoleucine, arachidonic acid, and pyruvic acid metabolic pathways.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>RSV pneumonia might cause metabolic disorders in the large intestinal tissue in mice.</p>
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Animals , Female , Mice , Amino Acids, Branched-Chain , Metabolism , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Intestinal Mucosa , Metabolism , Intestine, Large , Metabolism , Pathology , Lung , Pathology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Pneumonia, Viral , Metabolism , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections , MetabolismABSTRACT
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. induced-hepatotoxicity was the main limitation for its usage in clinic. Qingluo Tongbi formulation showed obvious attenuation for hepatotoxicity in clinic and fundamental research in vivo. To explore the potential mechanism of the attenuation, we conducted a study on the plasma metabolomic profiles of T. wilfordii and Qingluo Tongbi formulation in rats by a sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method. In plasma samples, a total of 72 compounds were analyzed by EI source MS, and were successfully identified by matching NIST database. The semi-quantification results were then calculated by OPLS-DA model with SIMCA-P 13.0 software. The three groups were clearly distinguished in OPLS-DA score plot. In addition, the observation values of Qingluo Tongbi formulation showed the obvious trend towards the control levels, suggesting the detoxicity effect of the formulation. Variation metabolites were further analyzed by VIP and One Way ANOVAs, and the results showed a significant increase in compounds of glycogenic amino acids, such as alanine, proline, serine and glutamine after the administration of T. wilfordii, indicated that the tissue proteins were decomposed and amino acids were leakage into blood. Qingluo Tongbi formulation could reverse the amino acids into normal level. On the contrary, the levels of glucose, lactic acid and hydroxy butyrate decrease, and the formulation can relieve the disorder in the levels of lactic acid, suggesting the regulation of the energy metabolism. Additionally, the level of branched chain amino acid was decreased, suggested the toxicity was induced, but the formulation cannot increase it into the normal levels. Nevertheless, all the above results suggested that the classical Qingluo Tongbi formulation displayed the liver protection effect by adjusting the amino acid levels and regulating the energy metabolism. Qingluo Tongbi formulation was developed based on traditional Chinese medicine theory "detoxicity compatibility", and contained Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen to nourish blood and absorb clots. Modern pharmacology suggested that its liver protection effect was correlated with the promotion of protein synthesis. Another important herb is Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch., which can regulate the energy metabolism. Both were consistent with the metabolomic results in this study, which explained the potential mechanism of "detoxicity compatibility" theory. Therefore, the currently developed metabolomic approach and the obtained results would be highly useful for the comprehensive toxicity studies for other herbal medicines and various complex deoxicity formulations.
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Objective: An UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS spectrometry method has been developed for the efficient separation and detection of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the extract of Scutellaria baicalensis differentiation of isomers. Methods: Data were acquired by Orbitrap. MS2, MS3, and MS4 data were triggered by data-dependent acquisition mode. Isomers of C-glycosyl flavonoids were distinguished by a comparison study of mass distribution. Results: A total of 19 compounds were identified as C-glycosyl flavonoids, and several isomers were successfully discriminated. Conclusion: This method is proved to be powerful for the identification of C-glycosyl flavonoids and provides the important complementary information for other flavonoid analysis.
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Objective To investigate the role of basophils in the imbalance of Th 1/Th2 response in mouse models of collagen-induced arthritis(CIA).Methods 4-6-weeks old C57/BL6 mice were immunized with collagen at multiple points on the back and foot twice (0 and 3 weeks) to establish a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis.Blood samples were collected before the first immunization and 1, 3, 6 and 9 weeks after immunization , and cells from lymph nodes were collected.Flow cytometry and ELISA were employed to detect the levels of basophils and IL-4, and the joint swelling was scored.Results Mouse model of CIA was successful established .The ratio of IL-4/IFN-γof the CIA group was significantly lower than that in the mice before CIA modeling and the control group , indicating a Th2-dominant response .At the same time, the peripheral basophils counting and percentage of IL-4 positive basophils of the CIA group were significantly higher than those of the control group .While, the IL-4/IFN-γratio of the CIA group was significantly higher than that of the control group , indicating a Th1-dominant response .The peripheral basophils counting of the CIA group was slightly lower than that of the control group .Conclusion Basophils may participate in the development of CIA in mouse models through affecting the imbalance of Th 1/Th2 response.
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Objective To observe the change of the serum ABCG2 level of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)be‐fore and after chemotherapy ,and explore its clinical significance .Methods Venous blood specimens of 15 healthy adults and 50 pa‐tients with NSCLC were collected before and chemotherapy ,the serum ABCG2 level of these specimens were detected by ELISA . the relation between the ABCG2 level and the chemosensitivity was investigated .Results The serum ABCG2 level of patients with NSCLC before chemotherapy was significantly higher than that in healthy adults(P0 .05);among chemoresistant patients ,the serum ABCG2 level of patients with NSCLC after chemotherapy was significantly higher than that of before(P0 .05) .Conclusion The serum ABCG2 level of patients with NSCLC is higher than that of healthy adults ;serum ABCG2 level may become a useful indicator in predicting the effect of NSCLC chemotherapy .
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Objectives To explore the associations between drug efflux pump gene expression and phenotypic drug resistance as well as gene mutation patterns related to drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Methods Forty-five Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates resistant to one or more of drugs including isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol, and 26 isolates all sensitive to the above four drugs from Tianjin Tuberculosis Control Institute in 2007 were involved in this study. Direct sequencing was applied to detect the mutations in the corresponding resistance genes(isoniazid:katG, inhA, oxyR-ahpC, ndh, rifampicin:rpoB, streptomycin:rpsL, rrs, and ethambutol:embB, embC and embA). After RNA extration and reverse transcription, real-time PCR was conducted to assess the expressions of putative drug efflux pump genes Rv1410c, Rv2136c, Rv0783c and Rv2136c, and Students' t test and ANOVA analysis were used to analyze the expression differences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with different phenotypic drug resistance and drug resistance related gene mutation patterns.Results Compared to pan-sensitive isolates[(5.67±3.29)×10-5], Rv1410c showed higher expression in streptomycin[(8.48±6.33)×10-5, t'=2.18, P<0.05], isoniazid[(8.43±6.38)×10-5, t'=2.20, P<0.05], rifampicin[(9.59±7.27)×10-5, t'=2.29, P<0.05], multi-drug[(10.37±7.86)×10-5, t'=2.34, P<0.05] resistant isolates, and in isoniazid + streptomycin resistant isolates[(9.39±6.81)×10-5, t'=2.43, P<0.05];Rv2136c showed higher expression in isoniazid resistant[(3.51±2.43)×10-5, t'=2.03, P<0.05], multidrug-resistant isolates[(4.21±2.94)×10-5, t'=2.22, P<0.05] and resistant to isoniazid+streptomycin[(3.81±2.46)×10-5, t'=2.28, P<0.05] isolates . The expression of Rv0783c in rifampicin resistant isolates with rpoB 531 mutations [(5.41±3.03)×10-6] was higher than those with wild type of rpoB 531[(2.29±1.62)×10-6, t=2.81, P<0.05].Conclusions The expression of Rv1410c and Rv2136c are associated with mutiple-drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.The expression of Rv0783c in rifampicin resistant isolates is associated with mutation in rpoB 531.